Musculoskeletal problems of performing artists

Within the new field of performing arts medicine is an active group of researchers and clinicians who are dedicated to advancing our understanding of musculoskeletal problems of performers. Among these problems are those of the upper extremity in instrumental musicians such as overuse syndrome, entrapment neuropathies, focal dystonia, osteoarthritis, and problems related to joint hypermobility. The epidemiology of these problems is presented as well as results of recent studies investigating their etiology as they relate to musicians. A brief discussion of the treatment of injured musicians also is included.