[Current tasks concerning occupational diseases in railway transport]

The article deals with prevalence and structure of occupational diseases in railway workers, related diagnostic problems and major tasks in this sphere. Pulmonary diseases due to dust and vibration disease appeared to prevail in the morbidity structure, then in descending order come locomotion disorders, peripheral neural illnesses, intoxications, auditory neuritis caused by noise and skin diseases. Diagnosis of the occupational diseases lags behind their actual prevalence. Foremost tasks in this sphere are better diagnosis of the diseases, further studies of the most topical entities and practical accomplishment of scientific advances in primary and secondary prophylaxis.