Neural induction and regionalisation by different subpopulations of cells in Hensen's node

Cell lineage analysis has revealed that the amniote organizer, Hensen's node, is subdivided into distinct regions, each containing a characteristic subpopulation of cells with defined fates. Here, we address the question of whether the inducing and regionalising ability of Hensen's node is associated with a specific subpopulation. Quail explants from Hensen's node are grafted into an extraembryonic site in a host chick embryo allowing host- and donor-derived cells to be distinguished. Cell-type- and region-specific markers are used to assess the fates of the mesodermal and neural cells that develop. We find that neural inducing ability is localised in the epiblast layer and the mesendoderm (deep portion) of the medial sector of the node. The deep portion of the posterolateral part of the node does not have neural inducing ability. Neural induction also correlates with the presence of particular prospective cell types in our grafts: chordamesoderm (notochord/head process), definitive (gut) endoderm or neural tissue. However, only grafts that include the epiblast layer of the node induce neural tissue expressing a complete range of anteroposterior characteristics, although prospective prechordal plate cells may also play a role in specification of the forebrain.