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Dexamethasone therapy for children with bacterial meningitis. Meningitis Study Group
E R Wald1, S L Kaplan, E O Mason
1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
Insights
Dexamethasone did not significantly improve outcomes for children with bacterial meningitis. The study found no difference in hearing loss or neurologic sequelae between those receiving dexamethasone and those receiving a placebo.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
- Audiology
Background:
- Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection in children that can lead to long-term complications.
- Sensorineural hearing loss and neurologic sequelae are common adverse outcomes.
- Corticosteroids like dexamethasone are sometimes used to reduce inflammation and potential complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing sensorineural hearing loss and neurologic sequelae in children with bacterial meningitis.
- To compare outcomes in children treated with ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone versus ceftriaxone alone.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, multicentered, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 143 children (8 weeks to 12 years) with bacterial meningitis.
- Participants received ceftriaxone with or without dexamethasone for 4 days.
- Auditory brainstem responses, hearing, development, and neurologic outcomes were assessed at multiple time points up to 1 year.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in auditory outcomes was observed between the dexamethasone and placebo groups.
- Twenty-two children initially presented with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss; hearing impairment resolution was similar in both groups.
- No differences in neurologic or developmental outcomes were found between the treatment groups.
Conclusions:
- Dexamethasone treatment did not significantly improve audiologic, neurologic, or developmental outcomes in children with bacterial meningitis.
- Persistent hearing loss was evident early, often at the time of initial auditory brainstem response testing.
Objective:
To determine whether treatment with dexamethasone and ceftriaxone for children with bacterial meningitis reduces the frequency of either sensorineural hearing loss or other neurologic sequelae.
Design:
This was a prospective, multicentered, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects were followed for 1 year.
Setting:
The study was conducted in six children's hospitals located in Pittsburgh, Houston, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.
Patients:
Enrolled were 173 children, 8 weeks to 12 years of age, with suspected bacterial meningitis; 143 children were evaluable. Eighty-seven percent of patients were followed for at least 6 weeks to 3 months, and 67% were followed for 1 year.
Interventions:
Subjects were randomized to receive ceftriaxone with or without dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days). Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured within 24 hours of admission.
Main Outcome Measures:
Hearing, development, and neurologic sequelae were assessed at the time of discharge and 6 weeks and 1 year later.
Main Results:
One hundred forty-three patients (69 received dexamethasone and 74 received placebo) with bacterial meningitis were evaluable: Haemophilus influenzae type b (83), Streptococcus pneumoniae (33), Neisseria meningitidis (24), and three others. Overall, there was no significant difference in auditory outcome between dexamethasone and placebo recipients. Twenty-two children had bilateral moderate or more severe hearing loss at the time of the first ABR. At follow-up, the resolution of hearing impairment was nearly identical for each group. Nine of ten children who remained persistently deaf were deaf at the time of the first ABR. There were no differences in neurologic or developmental outcome between groups.
Conclusion:
All but one child with persistent bilateral moderate or more severe hearing loss had demonstrable deafness at the time of the first ABR. Dexamethasone did not significantly improve audiologic, neurologic, or developmental outcome in children with bacterial meningitis.