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Risk factors for drug abuse in Pakistan: a replication

J S Gillis1, M H Mubbashar

  • 1Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-5303, USA.

Psychological Reports
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Psychosocial risk factors for drug abuse are similar in Pakistan and the United States. High-risk individuals have drug access and social inducements, lacking societal bonds, making prevention and treatment challenging.

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Tropical doctor·1999

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Drug abuse, particularly heroin addiction, is a significant issue in Pakistan.
  • Limited research exists on psychosocial risk factors for drug abuse in Pakistan compared to Western nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and examine psychosocial characteristics differentiating heroin addicts from non-drug-using controls in Pakistan.
  • To assess the applicability of previously identified drug abuse risk factors in a Pakistani context.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing 60 heroin addicts with 60 non-drug-using controls.
  • Utilized 9 established risk factor variables with pre-defined cut-off scores.
  • Examined the relationship between drug status and the number of risk factors present.

Main Results:

  • Most previously identified drug abuse risk factors were significant in the Pakistani sample.
  • Over 98% of heroin addicts were at risk for five or more factors.
  • Only 15% of controls were at risk for 5 variables, with none exceeding this threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Psychosocial precursors for drug abuse appear to transcend cultural boundaries.
  • High-risk individuals in Pakistan share characteristics with those in the US: drug access, social inducements, and weak societal bonds.
  • The deep-seated nature of some risk factors presents significant challenges for drug abuse prevention and treatment in Pakistan.

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