The effect of solvent/detergent-treated plasma on red cells stored in vitro

The potential use of solvent/detergent-treated plasma (S/D plasma) in transfusion practice raises concerns about the cytolytic effects that any residual solvent and detergent in the virally inactivated blood component might have on units of red cells in vitro, if the two components are mixed during preparation.

S/D plasma was mixed with variously processed units of stored red cells, in vitro, to evaluate the effect the residual solvent and detergent would have on cell membrane integrity. A paired protocol design was used in which half-units of red cells were exposed to S/D plasma (test), and the matched half-units were exposed to either the supernatant additive solution from the original red cell unit or standard fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) (control). After incubation for up to 5 days, the units were evaluated for evidence of hemolysis or changes in other red cell storage assays.

This study showed that, for fresh additive solution red cells (AS-1), the 5-day storage plasma hemoglobin levels were comparable in the red cells exposed to S/D plasma (21 mg/dL) and in the paired half-units stored in the original AS-1 supernatant (31 mg/dL) (p > 0.05). Similar findings were recorded for stored AS-1 red cells (S/D plasma; 111 mg/dL vs. AS-1 supernatant, 147 mg/dL; p > 0.05); stored CPDA-1 red cells (S/D plasma, 133 mg/dL vs. FFP, 103 mg/dL; p > 0.05); frozen red cells (S/D plasma, 28 mg/dL vs. FFP, 18 mg/dL; p > 0.017); and stored irradiated AS-1 red cells (S/D plasma, 608 mg/dL vs. AS-1 supernatant, 726 mg/dL; p > 0.05). Comparable results were found for other assays, including levels of plasma potassium, osmotic fragility, and red cell antigen titer.

These data show that S/D plasma does not induce red cell lysis even after 5 days of in vitro storage. These results are consistent with previous findings by this laboratory that platelets are not harmed by storage in S/D plasma. Red cells resuspended in S/D plasma and stored for up to 5 days maintain in vitro storage characteristics that are acceptable for the use of the cells in clinical transfusion practice.