Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test
Published on: January 12, 2024
Symmetric bilateral brachymetacarpalia of a dog
1Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
Abstract:
Malformations of the canine manus are infrequently cited in the literature but include polydactylia and syndactylia. Here, a case of brachymetacarpalia affecting the second and fifth metacarpal bones of both forelimbs of a mixed-breed dog is described. The initial impression of shortened digits was disproved by statistical comparison with normal skeletons, but the presence of shortened metacarpal bones was demonstrated. Other malformations of the manus and appropriate terminology are briefly discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs

