Molecular immunobiology of macrophages: recent progress

Macrophage molecules involved in adhesion, signalling, secretion and interactions with pathogens and T-helper lymphocytes have been cloned and defined using monoclonal antibodies and genetic disruption. Studies of the regulation of macrophage differentiation and activation by cytokines have yielded insights into the heterogeneity of their functions in natural and acquired immunity, including immunity to infections by mycobacteria and HIV.