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Food deprivation increases bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats
T Bark1, M Katouli, T Svenberg
1Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Objective:
To investigate whether brief fasting before the induction of hypotension by non-lethal haemorrhage may induce translocation of enteric bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood in rats.
Design:
Laboratory experiment.
Setting:
University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.
Material:
39 Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Interventions:
20 animals were fasted for 24 hours, all 39 then underwent controlled haemorrhage for 60 minutes that reduced the blood pressure to 55 mm Hg.
Main Outcome Measures:
Differences in blood loss, blood glucose concentrations, and packed cell volume; and aerobic cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes and blood.
Results:
Fasted rats (n = 20) lost 2.3% of blood volume compared with 2.8% in fed rats (p < 0.001). Packed cell volume dropped by 11.3% in fasted rats and 16.5% in fed rats (p < 0.001). Glucose concentrations rose by 7.0 mmol/l in fasted rats compared with 21.0 mmol/l in fed rats (p < 0.001). Mesenteric lymph nodes contained enteric bacteria in 14/20 fasted rats compared with 6/19 fed rats (p < 0.05). In 4 fasted rats blood cultures grew pathogenic bacteria compared with no fed rats (p = 0.11). The number of bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly greater in fasted than in fed rats (p = 0.01).
Conclusions:
Brief fasting before hypotension caused by non-lethal haemorrhage was associated with significantly increased bacterial translocation compared with fed animals. Increases in blood glucose concentrations and plasma refill may have had a protective effect in fed rats. These experiments may be of clinical relevance as elective operations are usually preceded by overnight fasting.