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Photoperiodic effects on tumor development and immune function

R J Nelson1, J M Blom

  • 1Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Short daylengths protect deer mice from cancer by enhancing immune function, while long days increase tumor incidence. Prolactin suppression also reduced tumor development, suggesting hormonal regulation of winter survival strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Seasonal adaptations are crucial for winter survival in rodents.
  • Reproductive suspension is a key energy-saving strategy during winter.
  • Winter stressors may suppress immune function, necessitating immunoenhancement strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if short daylengths enhance immune function to protect against carcinogen-induced tumors.
  • To determine the role of estrogen and prolactin in photoperiodic responses to winter stressors.
  • To explore melatonin's potential role in mediating these responses.

Main Methods:

  • Deer mice were exposed to long or short days and injected with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) or vehicle.
  • Hormonal manipulations included ovariectomy with estradiol, bromocriptine for prolactin suppression, and melatonin implants.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tumor incidence, lesion severity, healing rates, and immunoglobulin G response were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Short-day exposure completely prevented DMBA-induced tumor formation and improved healing.
    • Estrogen manipulation did not affect tumor rates or healing.
    • Bromocriptine (prolactin suppression) significantly reduced tumor incidence in long-day mice.
    • Melatonin's effect was not fully detailed in the truncated abstract.

    Conclusions:

    • Short daylengths activate protective immunoenhancement, preventing cancer development.
    • Prolactin plays a role in mediating the carcinogenic effects of DMBA in long-day conditions.
    • Photoperiodic regulation of immune function is a critical winter survival strategy.