Infection by bovine papillomavirus and prospects for vaccination

Infection with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) results in the onset of benign proliferative lesions that usually regress spontaneously through a cell-mediated immune response. Occasionally, warts persist as benign tumours or progress to squamous-cell carcinomas. Vaccines that prevent or cure BPV infection provide a model for the formulation of vaccines against human papillomavirus.