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Related Experiment Videos

Idiosyncratic trait definitions: implications for self-description and social judgment

D Dunning1, R O McElwee

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7601, USA.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Self-perceptions influence how individuals define social traits, affecting behavior interpretation. People with different self-ratings on traits like dominance use varied definitions, impacting behavioral predictions.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Personality Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Self-descriptions may reflect personal behavioral tendencies and subjective definitions of social concepts.
  • Individual differences in self-ratings on trait dimensions are common.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for interpreting social science findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how self-perceptions shape the definition of social traits.
  • To explore the relationship between self-ratings on traits and associated behaviors.
  • To examine how manipulating self-descriptions affects trait prototypes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted five studies examining participants' self-ratings on trait dimensions.
  • Assessed participants' definitions of traits, emphasizing associated behaviors and performances.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulated the salience of positive or negative examples of trait-related behaviors.
  • Induced shifts in self-descriptions to observe changes in trait prototypes.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants with differing self-ratings on traits associated different behaviors with those traits.
    • Self-described dominants emphasized desirable behaviors in their trait definitions, while non-dominants emphasized undesirable ones.
    • Self-ratings were influenced by the salience of positive or negative behavioral examples.
    • Induced shifts in self-descriptions occurred via revisions of trait prototypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-perceptions are not merely reflections of behavior but also shape the conceptualization of traits.
    • Idiosyncratic trait definitions impact the interpretation of behavior and social science results.
    • Findings have implications for predicting behavior and understanding individual differences in social cognition.