Preconditioning stimuli and inadvertent preconditioning

There are several factors besides brief episodes of total coronary occlusion which can provide sufficient stress to result in a preconditioning-like effect on the size of a myocardial infarction. Partial coronary artery stenosis, hypoxia, stretch, catecholamines, rapid pacing, and certain pharmacologic therapies may provide preconditioning stimuli. These same factors as well as mechanical complications in which a coronary artery is briefly occluded or stenosed prior to a subsequent coronary occlusion may lead to inadvertent preconditioning and confound the results of experimental cardiology studies.