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Skill-related task structures, explicitness, and accountability: relationships with student achievement

S Silverman1, P H Kulinna, G Crull

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Student achievement in physical education is linked to task structure and accountability. Clear expectations and teacher feedback significantly impact skill development in volleyball, enhancing student learning outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Education Pedagogy
  • Sports Science
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding the factors influencing student achievement in physical education is crucial for effective teaching.
  • Task structure, explicitness, and accountability are key pedagogical elements that may impact skill acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationships between task structures, explicitness, and accountability and student achievement in physical education.
  • To analyze how specific accountability systems and task parameters affect performance in volleyball skills.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 10 physical education classes and 202 students.
  • Instructional sessions were videotaped, and students underwent pre- and post-testing.
  • Videotapes were coded to gather data on task presentation, skill taught, explicitness, accountability systems, participation, and task duration.

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Main Results:

  • For the volleyball forearm pass, significant relationships were found between the number and duration of tasks and expectations (outcome, situation, criteria-product).
  • For the volleyball underhand serve, significant relationships were observed between the number and duration of tasks and accountability measures (teacher feedback, monitoring off-task behavior).

Conclusions:

  • Task structure and accountability significantly influence student achievement in specific physical education skills.
  • Tailoring task expectations and accountability systems can enhance student learning and performance in physical education.