[Antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section and voluntary termination in pregnancy]

Infection is the main complication after voluntary termination of pregnancy through vacuum aspiration, with an infection rate of 3.6% in the subsequent three weeks. This rate is comparable to that observed in the so-called clean surgical procedures. However the consequences on fertility remain unknown. Studies using systematic antibiotic administration in all vacuum aspirations (voluntary termination of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion) demonstrated the value of such a preventive measure. Factors of risk are difficult to identify and systematic bacteriological specimen collection in all patients undergoing a termination of pregnancy is quite impossible to do. Therefore, the best strategy consists in the oral administration of 200 mg of doxycycline before the aspiration and 200 mg 12 hours later. The incidence of operative-site infection and endometritis after Caesarean section without perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis varies from 5 to 85%. A variety of risk factors have been identified such as low social category, rupture of membranes, the number of vaginal examinations, labour, and emergency sections. Most clinical trials have shown no significant difference in the efficacy of various antibiotic regimens. However, prophylactic antibiotics decrease significantly the rate of infections. We recommend one or three doses of intravenous prophylactic antibiotic, after clamping and section of the umbilical cord in high risk patients. Cephalosporin of 1st or 2nd generation or ampicillin associated with an inhibitor of beta-lactamases are recommended.