Attention deficit disorder during adolescence: a review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Adolescent Psychology
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is under-researched in adolescents compared to children.
• ADD symptoms persist through puberty, contributing to significant scholastic and social challenges.
• This neurodevelopmental disorder is linked to reduced metabolism in the prefrontal cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the prevalence and impact of ADD in adolescents.
• To review effective treatment strategies for adolescent ADD.
• To underscore the long-term consequences of untreated ADD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on adolescent ADD.
• Analysis of treatment outcomes for pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.
• Examination of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADD.

Main Results:

• Adolescents with ADD experience scholastic and social difficulties.
• Stimulants, antidepressants, and MAO inhibitors are effective treatments.
• Behavioral, individual, family, and cognitive therapies serve as valuable adjuncts.

Conclusions:

• Untreated ADD increases risks for trauma, substance abuse, and behavioral disorders in adolescence.
• Long-term risks of untreated ADD include marital and family dysfunction.
• With appropriate treatment, adolescents with ADD can achieve success similar to their peers.