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Acute asthma, salbutamol and hyperglycaemia

K P Dawson1, A C Penna, P Manglick

  • 1University Department of Paediatrics, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Frequent high-dose nebulized salbutamol can cause hyperglycemia in children with acute severe asthma. This study observed significant increases in plasma glucose levels following treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Acute severe asthma is a common pediatric respiratory emergency.
  • Salbutamol is a standard bronchodilator, but its metabolic effects require consideration.
  • Understanding drug-induced metabolic changes is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of frequent, high-dose nebulized salbutamol on plasma glucose levels in children.
  • To determine if salbutamol administration can induce hyperglycemia in pediatric patients with severe asthma.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 12 children with acute severe asthma (mean age 60 months) received frequent high-dose nebulized salbutamol.
  • Plasma glucose concentrations were monitored to assess changes from baseline.
  • Statistical analysis compared initial glucose levels with peak levels post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in plasma glucose concentrations was observed.
  • Mean initial glucose levels differed significantly from peak glucose levels after salbutamol administration.
  • The findings indicate a direct correlation between nebulized salbutamol and elevated glucose.

Conclusions:

  • Nebulized salbutamol, particularly at high doses and frequent intervals, can induce hyperglycemia in children with acute severe asthma.
  • Clinicians should be aware of this potential side effect and monitor glucose levels in pediatric patients.
  • Further research may explore the clinical significance and management of salbutamol-induced hyperglycemia in this population.

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