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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Evolving strategies for the management of non-palpable breast abnormalities
S H Kurtzman1, D C MacGillivray, P J Deckers
1Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Abstract:
Increased public and professional awareness has resulted in more women obtaining mammograms. As a result, the surgeon is often called on to diagnose and treat occult breast lesions. The development of new diagnostic modalities has changed the way such breast lesions are approached. Management decisions are made in the context of new pressures applied by the growing managed care imperative and increased mediocolegal exposure. In this review, we establish guidelines for the management of non-palpable breast abnormalities that place the welfare of the patient first.

