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Pregnancy in adolescents. A case-control study

V Unfer¹, J Piazze Garnica, M R Di Benedetto

¹2nd Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy.

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology

|January 1, 1995

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Adolescent pregnancies show higher risks for complications like intrauterine growth retardation and fetal distress, leading to more cesarean sections. These outcomes suggest potential uterine factors contributing to adverse pregnancy events in teenagers.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Adolescent Gynecology

Background:

Adolescent pregnancy is associated with unique health challenges.
Understanding pregnancy outcomes in adolescents is crucial for improving maternal and infant health.
Previous studies indicate potential risks, but specific complications require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate pregnancy outcomes in adolescent mothers.
To determine the incidence of pregnancy-related disorders in adolescent pregnancies.
To compare these outcomes with a matched control group of adult pregnancies.

Main Methods:

A matched control retrospective study design was employed.
Pregnant adolescents (14-19 years) were compared to a control group (20-24 years).

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Data were collected over a 10-year period (1984-1993).

Main Results:

Adolescent pregnancies had a higher incidence of cesarean sections (P < 0.001).
Increased rates of spontaneous abortion (P = 0.003), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (P = 0.04), and fetal distress (P = 0.04) were observed in adolescents.
Mean birth weight was significantly lower in the adolescent group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Adolescent pregnancies face higher obstetric complication rates, including IUGR, fetal distress, and lower birth weight.
These complications necessitate a higher rate of cesarean sections in adolescent mothers.
A potential contributing factor may be the "hypoarterialisation" state of the adolescent uterus.