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Auditory brainstem responses in thyroid diseases before and after therapy

L Di Lorenzo1, L Foggia, N Panza

  • 1Department of Medical-Surgical Endocrinology, University Federico II School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.

Hormone Research
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) can detect electrical changes in the auditory pathway for hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients. While ABRs normalized in treated hyperthyroid patients, they remained abnormal in hypothyroid patients, suggesting nonspecific injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can affect neurological function.
  • Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) assess the integrity of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the midbrain.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between thyroid hormones and auditory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in adult patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • To investigate the reversibility of ABR abnormalities after treatment and restoration of euthyroid state.
  • To determine if ABR alterations are specific to hyper- or hypothyroidism or indicative of broader neurological involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded using standard and sensitized tests in 56 adult patients (24 hyperthyroid, 32 hypothyroid).

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  • Comprehensive endocrine tests (thyroid hormones, TSH, antibodies) and audiological assessments (audiogram, impedance) were performed.
  • ABR assessments were repeated after 6-12 months of treatment to achieve euthyroidism.

    • Main Results:

    • ABR abnormalities were observed in 25% of hyperthyroid and 25% of hypothyroid patients.
    • Abnormal ABRs were more prevalent in patients with overt hypothyroidism (34.7%).
    • ABRs normalized in most treated hyperthyroid patients, but remained abnormal in all treated hypothyroid patients, even after achieving euthyroid status.

    Conclusions:

    • ABR abnormalities in thyroid disease are nonspecific and may indicate subclinical injury in central auditory pathways.
    • While ABRs can normalize after treatment for hyperthyroidism, they appear less reversible in hypothyroidism.
    • The degree of hypothyroidism may correlate with ABR alterations, but these changes are not always reversible with long-term therapy.