Radiation-induced gliosarcoma. Case report and review of the literature

A 13-year-old boy presented with a cerebral gliosarcoma 12 years after having acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis treated by radiation therapy (24 Gy) and intrathecal methotrexate. A review of the literature disclosed 129 possible radiation-induced gliomatous and/or sarcomatous brain tumors: namely, 89 gliomas, 36 sarcomas, and four gliosarcomas, including the present case. An analysis of these cases revealed several characteristics that differentiate them from similar spontaneous brain tumors, thus providing arguments for the carcinogenic effect of radiation therapy on intracranial tumors.