[Mealtime patterns in a southern German population. Results from the WHO MONICA 1984/1985 Augsburg nutritional survey...

Seven-day food records of the MONICA project Augsburg dietary survey, which were collected between October 1984 and May 1985 in 899 men aged 45-64 years (random sample), were used to analyze meal patterns. Among other variables, the emphasis was placed on meal frequency and rhythm, frequency of meal combinations, place and time of meal intake as well as on the contribution of different meals to selected nutrient intake. Breakfast delivers 17%, lunch 29%, and dinner 33% of the total daily energy intake; all other meals (snacks) deliver 21% of the energy intake. The mean contribution of the three major meals, such as breakfast, lunch and dinner to daily protein intake is 14%, 36%, and 36%; to fat intake 17%, 33%, and 35%, and to carbohydrate intake 23%, 25%, and 29%, respectively. Data on meal patterns are useful for the development of preventive strategies.