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The ICIDH: evolution, status, and prospects

M C Thuriaux1

  • 1Division of Epidemiological Surveillance and Health Situation and Trend Assessment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Disability and Rehabilitation
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The World Health Organization

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) in the 1970s.
  • The ICIDH is a scheme for measuring the consequences of disease, structured on three axes: impairment, disability, and handicap.
  • It addresses experiences at the organ/function, individual action, and societal interaction levels.

Observation:

  • This paper reviews the application of the ICIDH since 1980.
  • Key uses include assessing disability prevalence, informing policy, managing institutions, and individual care.
  • Identified issues include clarifying environmental factors, overlap between categories (disability/handicap, impairment/disability).

Findings:

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  • The ICIDH is well-established for classifying long-term non-fatal consequences of disease.
  • Population disability assessment, policy formulation, and individual care have benefited from its use.
  • Problems identified include the need for clearer definitions and addressing environmental influences on disability.

    • Implications:

    • Future revisions should emphasize handicap as an interaction between impairments/disabilities and the environment.
    • A revised ICIDH proposal was anticipated for finalization in 1998 and formal issuance in 1999.
    • Improved classification can enhance public health strategies and disability management.