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Related Experiment Videos

Beam hardening in x-ray reconstructive tomography

R A Brooks, G Di Chiro

    Physics in Medicine and Biology
    |May 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nonlinear X-ray attenuation causes artifacts in medical imaging, distorting bone values and interior measurements. Prefiltering and linearization corrections can remedy these pseudo-cortex and cupping artifacts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical physics
    • Radiological imaging science

    Background:

    • Polychromatic X-ray beams exhibit preferential low-energy photon absorption.
    • This phenomenon results in nonlinear attenuation, deviating from a linear relationship with absorber thickness.

    Observation:

    • Nonlinear attenuation causes artifacts in reconstructive tomography.
    • In bone imaging, this leads to distorted values and 'pseudo-cortex' artifacts when using a water bag.
    • Without a water bag, varying soft tissue thickness causes 'cupping' artifacts, depressing interior values.

    Findings:

    • Both pseudo-cortex and cupping artifacts stem from nonlinear X-ray attenuation.
    • These artifacts compromise the accuracy of tomographic reconstructions.

    Implications:

    • Prefiltering the X-ray beam can mitigate these artifacts.
    • Applying linearization corrections to detector outputs is crucial for accurate imaging.
    • These corrections improve the diagnostic quality of X-ray computed tomography.

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