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Regression of uterine leiomyomata to the antiprogesterone RU486: dose-response effect
A A Murphy1, A J Morales, L M Kettel
1School of Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
Objective:
To study the response of uterine leiomyomata to three daily doses of RU486 (5, 25, and 50 mg).
Design:
Prospective nonrandomized trial of women with symptomatic leiomyomata.
Setting:
Patients from the clinical practice of the authors at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center.
Patients:
Ten patients with symptomatic leiomyomata previously reported after treatment with 50 mg of RU486 daily for 3 months. Eleven patients treated with 25 mg of RU486 daily and nine patients placed on 5 mg of RU486 daily for 12 weeks.
Main Outcome Measures:
Changes in leiomyomata volume as measured with vaginal ultrasounds at baseline and monthly thereafter. Frequent blood samples for hematology, chemistry, and hormone levels were obtained. Twenty-four-hour urine collections for free cortisol and creatinine were obtained at baseline and at 12 weeks.
Results:
All three doses induce ovarian acyclicity. Administration of 50 mg of RU486 decreases leiomyomata volume to 78.1% +/- 4.8% of baseline at 4 weeks, 60.5% +/- 6.6% at 8 weeks, and 51.0% +/- 9.2% after 12 weeks of treatment. Regressive response in patients treated with 25 mg of RU486 daily was 76.3% +/- 5.0% of baseline at 4 weeks, 54.0% +/- 5.1% at 8 weeks, and 44.0% +/- 5.0% after 12 weeks. At 5 mg of RU486 leiomyomata volume was 80.6% +/- 8.3% of baseline after 4 weeks, 63.7% +/- 14.6% after 8 weeks, and 74.4% +/- 19.8% after 12 weeks of therapy.
Conclusions:
Although acyclicity is seen at all three doses, an effective dose to cause a clinically significant (50%) decrease in leiomyomata volume appears to be 25 mg daily.