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Oral Candida: clearance, colonization, or candidiasis?

R D Cannon1, A R Holmes, A B Mason

  • 1Department of Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedir, New Zealand.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Candida albicans commonly colonizes the mouth but rarely causes oral candidiasis. Host immune competence is the key factor determining if the yeast is cleared, colonizes, or causes infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Candida albicans is a common inhabitant of the human oral cavity.
  • Despite frequent isolation, clinical candidiasis is rare, suggesting robust host defenses.
  • Oral candidiasis manifests in various forms, influenced by host susceptibility and yeast virulence factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of Candida albicans colonization in the oral cavity.
  • To understand the factors contributing to the development of oral candidiasis.
  • To elucidate the role of host immunity in controlling Candida colonization and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of adherence interactions between C. albicans and oral surfaces.
  • Analysis of host clearance mechanisms and predisposing factors.

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  • Examination of Candida virulence factors, including enzymes and hyphal formation.

    • Main Results:

    • C. albicans utilizes specific adherence mechanisms to colonize oral surfaces and resist clearance.
    • Adherence involves interactions with complement receptors, extracellular matrix proteins, and surface sugars.
    • Oral candidiasis occurs when host defenses are compromised, allowing yeast overgrowth and tissue invasion.

    Conclusions:

    • Host immune competence is the critical determinant in preventing or allowing Candida colonization and subsequent candidiasis.
    • Candida's ability to adhere and form hyphae aids in colonization and invasion when host defenses are weakened.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing oral candidiasis.