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Subjective evaluation of four low-complexity audio coding schemes

S M Joseph1, R C Maher

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-0511, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
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This study compared four audio compression methods, finding that Recursively Indexed Quantizer Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (RIQ-DPCM) offered the best subjective performance. Higher bit rates consistently improved audio quality across all tested methods.

Area of Science:

  • Digital Signal Processing
  • Audio Engineering
  • Perceptual Audio Coding

Background:

  • Low-complexity audio data compression is crucial for efficient storage and transmission.
  • Evaluating subjective audio quality is essential for practical application of compression algorithms.
  • Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (DPCM) and its variants are common techniques for audio compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To subjectively compare the performance of four low-complexity audio data compression methods.
  • To evaluate these methods at various bit rates (2, 3, 4, and 5 bits per sample).
  • To determine the effectiveness of different DPCM-based schemes for compressing musical signals.

Main Methods:

  • Four audio compression methods were tested: elementary DPCM, Noise Feedback Coding DPCM (NFC-DPCM), DPCM with Adaptive Quantizer (DPCM-AQB), and Recursively Indexed Quantizer DPCM (RIQ-DPCM).

Related Experiment Videos

  • A two-interval preference experiment was used to compare reconstructed audio signals against reference signals.
  • Modulated Noise Reference Unit (MNRU) was employed to estimate the Equality Threshold Rating (ETR) for subjective quality assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Subjective MNRU values increased by 2-5 dB for each bit per sample increment.
    • DPCM-AQB performance was 8-10 dB higher than DPCM and NFC-DPCM.
    • RIQ-DPCM achieved the highest subjective ratings, outperforming DPCM-AQB by 2-5 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • RIQ-DPCM is the most effective among the tested low-complexity audio compression methods.
    • Subjective audio quality improves with increased bit rates for these DPCM variants.
    • Objective segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SNRSEG) measurements did not fully predict subjective performance, especially at lower SNRSEG values.