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Nephrocalcinosis in newborn

R Uçsel1, A Coban, A Kadioğlu

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Turkey.

Acta Paediatrica Japonica : Overseas Edition
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Nephrocalcinosis, a rare childhood kidney condition, was observed in a full-term infant. This case highlights distal renal tubular acidosis as a cause of nephrocalcinosis in newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Acid-Base Balance

Background:

  • Nephrocalcinosis is infrequently diagnosed in pediatric populations, typically appearing after the neonatal phase.
  • Recent trends indicate an increase in multifactorial nephrocalcinosis among very low birthweight infants.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies of pediatric nephrocalcinosis is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 23-day-old full-term infant diagnosed with nephrocalcinosis.
  • The infant presented with clinical signs indicative of renal tubular dysfunction.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed distal renal tubular acidosis as the underlying cause.

Findings:

  • Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) was identified as the direct cause of nephrocalcinosis in this full-term neonate.
  • This finding contrasts with the typical presentation of nephrocalcinosis outside the newborn period.
  • The case underscores the potential for dRTA to manifest as nephrocalcinosis even in term infants.

Implications:

  • This case broadens the differential diagnosis for nephrocalcinosis in neonates.
  • Early identification and treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis can prevent or mitigate renal complications.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis of dRTA-associated nephrocalcinosis in term infants is warranted.

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