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Cyclical vomiting syndrome
1Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.
Insights
Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a rare, disabling condition primarily affecting children and adolescents. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for managing episodes and preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Neurology
- Symptom Complex Disorders
Background:
- Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an uncommon and disabling condition.
- Its exact cause remains unknown, but it shares features with migraine headaches.
- The syndrome predominantly affects children and adolescents, significantly impacting their quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the differential diagnosis of cyclical vomiting syndrome.
- To explore current theories regarding the pathogenesis of CVS.
- To outline therapeutic strategies for managing CVS episodes and preventing complications.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cyclical vomiting syndrome.
- Analysis of common features with migraine.
- Discussion of diagnostic challenges and etiological hypotheses.
Main Results:
- CVS presents as a complex symptom set with unknown etiology.
- Migraine-like features are common in patients with CVS.
- Effective management involves prophylaxis, acute episode treatment, and complication prevention.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and understanding of pathogenesis are key for managing CVS.
- A multi-faceted therapeutic approach is necessary for effective patient care.
- Rapid access to specialized care is vital for minimizing morbidity and functional disruption in affected families.
Abstract:
Cyclical vomiting syndrome is an uncommon, disabling symptom complex of unknown cause, with features in common with migraine. It affects principally children and adolescents. Differential diagnosis and theories of pathogenesis are discussed. Therapy should be aimed at prophylaxis of vomiting bouts, 'switching off' episodes once they commence and preventing complications of established vomiting episodes. Families need rapid access to care to minimize morbidity and disruption to functioning.