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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Dissection of a Mouse Eye for a Whole Mount of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
16:47

Dissection of a Mouse Eye for a Whole Mount of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: February 27, 2011

Aniridia-associated cytogenetic rearrangements suggest that a position effect may cause the mutant phenotype

J Fantes1, B Redeker, M Breen

  • 1MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

Human Molecular Genetics
|March 1, 1995
PubMed

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...