Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

2.6K
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
2.6K
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

11.1K
Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
11.1K
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

6.1K
After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
6.1K
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

663
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
663
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

773
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
773
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

659
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
659

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Accounts of Quitting among Older Ex-smokers with Smoking-related Disease.

Journal of health psychology·2011
Same author

Systematic review and meta-analysis of growth rates of small abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The British journal of surgery·2011
Same author

Dependent behaviours and beliefs: a qualitative study of older long-term smokers with arterial disease.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)·2001
Same author

The prevalence of prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in acute hospital trusts.

International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care·2001
Same author

Epidemiological research on peripheral vascular disease.

Journal of clinical epidemiology·2001
Same author

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency.

Angiology·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Experimental and Imaging Techniques for Examining Fibrin Clot Structures in Normal and Diseased States
07:09

Experimental and Imaging Techniques for Examining Fibrin Clot Structures in Normal and Diseased States

Published on: April 1, 2015

11.2K

Fibrinogen and peripheral arterial disease

F G Fowkes1

  • 1Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, U.K.

European Heart Journal
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Elevated plasma fibrinogen is linked to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and predicts cardiovascular events. This association is stronger in men and interacts with smoking, but is independent of diabetes and lipids.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are frequently observed in patients with intermittent claudication.
  • Plasma fibrinogen concentrations correlate positively with the severity of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma fibrinogen levels and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  • To explore the relationship between fibrinogen, cardiovascular events, and potential confounding factors like smoking, diabetes, and lipids.
  • To examine sex differences in the association between fibrinogen and PAD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of hospital and epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of associations between plasma fibrinogen and PAD, including asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial
08:14

Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial

Published on: September 29, 2015

12.6K
The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

191

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Experimental and Imaging Techniques for Examining Fibrin Clot Structures in Normal and Diseased States
07:09

Experimental and Imaging Techniques for Examining Fibrin Clot Structures in Normal and Diseased States

Published on: April 1, 2015

11.2K
Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial
08:14

Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial

Published on: September 29, 2015

12.6K
The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

191
  • Examination of interactions with cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and serum lipid concentrations.
  • Comparison of associations between men and women.

    • Main Results:

    • Raised plasma fibrinogen is predictive of future cardiovascular events, especially coronary death, in patients with intermittent claudication.
    • The association between plasma fibrinogen and PAD is independent of diabetes mellitus and serum lipid concentrations.
    • Cigarette smoking and plasma fibrinogen interact synergistically in PAD, though most smoking-related PAD risk is not mediated by fibrinogen, and vice versa.
    • The association between fibrinogen and PAD is stronger in men than in women, and in women, it is not independent of smoking.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma fibrinogen is a significant risk factor for PAD and cardiovascular events.
    • The relationship between fibrinogen and PAD exhibits distinct sex-based differences, potentially explaining susceptibility variations.
    • Fibrinogen's role in PAD is complex, interacting with but not solely dependent on smoking, diabetes, or lipid levels.