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Marijuana smoking and cold tolerance in man

J M Hanna, R H Strauss, B Itagaki

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |June 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Marijuana smoking did not significantly alter core body temperature but increased heat production and muscle temperature, suggesting it stimulates shivering. It also caused rapid heart rate and abolished breath-hold related heart rate slowing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human Physiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Environmental Medicine

    Background:

    • Understanding the physiological effects of marijuana (cannabis) is crucial for public health and safety.
    • Limited research exists on how marijuana use impacts the human body's response to cold stress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of marijuana smoking on physiological responses to cold exposure in human subjects.
    • To examine changes in body heat content, temperature regulation, and cardiovascular responses following marijuana consumption during cold stress.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten male marijuana users were exposed to cold water (28°C) and cold air (20°C) after smoking marijuana, placebo, or no substance.
    • Rectal, peripheral, and muscle temperatures, heat production, and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, apnea response) were monitored.

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  • A spirometer was used for controlled inhalation of marijuana or placebo smoke (0.739 g each).

    • Main Results:

    • Marijuana smoking did not significantly alter core body or most peripheral temperatures but elevated temperatures over shivering-prone muscles.
    • A marked increase in heat production was observed post-marijuana, indicating stimulated shivering.
    • Marijuana induced tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and abolished the normal apneic bradycardia (slowing of heart rate during breath-holding).

    Conclusions:

    • Marijuana smoking appears to stimulate shivering and increase metabolic heat production in a cold environment, despite minimal changes in core temperature.
    • The observed cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, abolition of apneic bradycardia) suggest sympathetic nervous system activation.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying marijuana's influence on thermoregulation and cardiovascular responses to cold.