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PSM-R: Revised Optimism-Pessimism Scale for the MMPI-2 and MMPI
M Malinchoc1, K P Offord, R C Colligan
1Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Journal of Clinical Psychology
|March 1, 1995
Summary
The Revised Optimism-Pessimism (PSM-R) scale accurately measures optimistic and pessimistic explanatory styles. This validated scale uses common MMPI-2 and MMPI items for reliable assessment.
Area of Science:
- Psychological Assessment
- Personality Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Explanatory style, a key component of optimism and pessimism, influences psychological well-being.
- The original Optimism-Pessimism (PSM) scale provided a measure of this construct.
- A need existed for a scale compatible with both MMPI-2 and MMPI instruments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Revised Optimism-Pessimism (PSM-R) scale.
- To ensure the PSM-R scale could be used with both MMPI-2 and MMPI.
- To establish norms and reliability for the PSM-R scale.
Main Methods:
- The PSM-R scale was constructed using 263 MMPI items common to both MMPI-2 and MMPI.
- Norms were established using a random sample of 1,408 normal adults.
- Reliability was assessed using established psychometric methods.
Main Results:
- The PSM-R scale effectively measures explanatory style on an optimism-pessimism continuum.
- Reliability estimates were high, with coefficients of .93 for men and .94 for women.
- The scale demonstrated comparable accuracy to the original PSM scale.
Conclusions:
- The PSM-R scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing optimism and pessimism.
- Its compatibility with both MMPI-2 and MMPI enhances its clinical utility.
- The scale provides a robust measure of explanatory style for research and practice.