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Evolution of coronary artery pattern according to short-axis aortopulmonary rotation: a new categorization for
Insights
In complete transposition of the great arteries, coronary artery patterns evolve predictably with aortopulmonary rotation. This relationship allows anticipation of coronary patterns based on the great artery arrangement.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular anatomy
- Congenital heart disease
- Medical imaging
Background:
- Classifications of coronary arteries in complete transposition of the great arteries (cTGA) are complex and incomplete.
- Understanding these patterns is crucial for surgical planning and patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between coronary artery patterns and aortopulmonary rotation in cTGA.
- To establish a classification system for coronary arteries in cTGA based on anatomical relationships.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of coronary artery anatomy and great artery relationships in 76 cTGA patients via angiography, echocardiography, surgery, or autopsy (1988-1993).
- Categorization of coronary artery patterns into five main types (O, I, II, IV, IX) based on epicardial configuration.
- Inclusion of data from 568 published cases for comprehensive analysis.
Main Results:
- Aortopulmonary rotation influences coronary artery origins, with specific shifts observed as the aorta rotates clockwise.
- The left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries show predictable migration patterns relative to the great arteries.
- Eta-square analysis confirmed the dependence of coronary artery pattern evolution (O to IX) on clockwise aortopulmonary rotation.
Conclusions:
- A five-pattern classification of coronary arteries in cTGA is proposed, with evolution linked to aortopulmonary rotation.
- The established relationship enables prediction of coronary patterns from the spatial arrangement of the great arteries in cTGA.
- This classification aids in understanding and managing complex congenital heart defects.
Objectives:
We studied the correlation between coronary artery pattern and aortopulmonary rotation in complete transposition of the great arteries.
Background:
Classifications of the coronary arteries in complete transposition are puzzling and incomplete.
Methods:
Coronary artery anatomy and relation of the great arteries were identified at angiography, echocardiography, surgical intervention or autopsy in 76 patients with complete transposition from 1988 to 1993. Five main types (type 0 and Shaher types 1,2,4 and 9) and their similar variants of epicardial configuration were categorized into five patterns (O, I, II, IV and IX). In addition, data from 568 cases from published reports were collected for analysis.
Results:
As the aorta rotated from a left anterior to a directly anterior location relative to the pulmonary trunk, the left anterior descending coronary artery arose from the left-hand sinus together with the right coronary artery (type 0, one case decreased to no cases); then it gradually shifted to the left to have the same origin as the left circumflex coronary artery from the right-hand sinus (type 1, 10 cases increased to 146, p < 0.0003). When the aorta rotated farther clockwise from directly anterior to right anterior (type 1, 146 cases increased to 235; type 2, 9 cases increased to 50, p < 0.0006) or from right anterior to right lateral (type 1, 235 cases decreased to 6 cases; type 2, 50 cases decreased to 20, p < 0.00000), the left circumflex coronary artery tended to move retropulmonically and originated from the left-hand sinus with the right coronary artery (type 2). When the aorta moved from right anterior to right lateral (type 2, 50 cases decreased to 20; type 4, 13 cases increased to 14, p < 0.031) or from right lateral to right posterior (type 2, 20 cases decreased to 1; type 4, 14 cases increased to 16, p < 0.0003), the right coronary artery shifted to the right-hand sinus anteaortically to join the left anterior descending coronary artery (type 4). Finally, the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with the left circumflex coronary artery (type 9, 12 cases increased to 21, p = 0.407) to become the usual pattern for normally related great arteries. Eta-square analysis showed that the evolution from pattern O to IX was dependent on clockwise aortopulmonary rotation.
Conclusions:
The coronary arteries in complete transposition of the great arteries can be classified into five patterns and their evolution deduced on the basis of aortopulmonary rotation. Dependence of coronary artery type on aortopulmonary rotation made it possible to anticipate the coronary pattern from the relation of the great arteries in transposition.