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Rapid red cell transfusion by apheresis

B C McLeod1, S Reed, A Viernes

  • 1Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.

Journal of Clinical Apheresis
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Rapid red blood cell (RBC) transfusion via apheresis is a safe and efficient method for treating chronic anemia. This technique significantly reduces transfusion time, especially in outpatient settings, and is well-tolerated by patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Conventional red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are typically administered slowly to manage intravascular volume.
  • Rapid transfusion methods are often employed during hemodialysis or RBC exchange procedures where extracorporeal blood volume adjustment is possible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and evaluate an apheresis procedure for rapid transfusion of RBCs in patients with chronic anemia.
  • To assess the time efficiency and patient tolerance of rapid RBC transfusion compared to conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • An apheresis procedure was developed where recipient plasma volume withdrawn equals donor RBC volume infused.
  • Fifteen rapid transfusion procedures were performed on nine patients using COBE Spectra or COBE 2997 apheresis machines.
  • Transfusions involved 3 to 5 RBC units each, with comparisons made to conventional transfusion times and hemoglobin increases.

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Main Results:

  • The mean procedure duration for rapid transfusion was 1.79 hours, significantly shorter than conventional transfusion (0.52 hours per unit vs. 2.70 hours per unit).
  • Patient hemoglobin levels increased from a mean of 7.3 g/dl to 12.0 g/dl post-transfusion.
  • Rapid transfusion resulted in a greater hemoglobin increase per unit transfused (1.22 g/dl vs. 0.88 g/dl).

Conclusions:

  • Rapid RBC transfusion using this apheresis technique is technically feasible and more time-efficient.
  • The method is particularly beneficial for outpatient settings and may help prevent fluid overload in volume-sensitive patients.
  • The procedure was subjectively well-tolerated, with no significant immediate changes in blood pressure.