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Chromium toxicity in Neurospora crassa

V V Ramana1, K S Sastry

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hydrabad, India.

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is more toxic than trivalent chromium (Cr3+) in Neurospora crassa. Cr6+ toxicity stems from sulfate uptake antagonism, while Cr3+ toxicity results from iron uptake interference.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Biochemistry
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Chromium compounds exist in various oxidation states, with trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms being environmentally relevant.
  • Understanding the differential toxicity mechanisms of chromium species is crucial for assessing environmental risks and developing mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively investigate the toxicity mechanisms of trivalent chromium (Cr3+) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in the model organism Neurospora crassa.
  • To elucidate the specific cellular targets and interactions of Cr3+ and Cr6+ toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative toxicity assays using Neurospora crassa exposed to Cr3+ and Cr6+.
  • Investigating the effects of iron (Fe3+) and methionine on chromium toxicity.
  • Measuring chromium uptake kinetics (Vmax, maximal uptake).
  • Assessing enzyme activities (catalase, uricase) and excretion of iron-binding compounds.

Main Results:

  • Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) exhibited higher toxicity than trivalent chromium (Cr3+).
  • Cr3+ toxicity was linked to iron uptake antagonism, reversed by Fe3+, leading to intracellular iron deficiency.
  • Cr6+ toxicity was attributed to sulfate uptake antagonism, partially reversed by methionine, suggesting interference with sulfate permease synthesis.
  • Chromium uptake kinetics differed significantly between Cr3+ and Cr6+.
  • No significant interconversion between Cr3+ and Cr6+ was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct toxicity mechanisms of Cr3+ and Cr6+ in Neurospora crassa involve specific antagonism of iron and sulfate uptake, respectively.
  • These findings highlight the importance of chromium speciation in determining its biological impact.
  • The study provides evidence that Cr3+ and Cr6+ exert toxicity independently without significant interconversion.

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