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Related Experiment Videos

Myelination in the developing human brain: biochemical correlates

H C Kinney1, J Karthigasan, N I Borenshteyn

  • 1Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Neurochemical Research
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This study maps the biochemical milestones of human brain myelination, revealing a consistent sequence of protein and lipid development. Understanding these pathways aids in assessing early-life disorders of central nervous system myelination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Myelination is a critical process in human brain development, forming the myelin sheath around nerve fibers.
  • The precise biochemical sequences and temporal dynamics of myelination in the human brain are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the biochemical sequences of myelination in the human brain from midgestation through infancy.
  • To analyze protein and lipid composition changes during this critical developmental period.
  • To investigate biochemical abnormalities in disorders of central nervous system myelination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein and lipid composition in white matter from human brain samples across a developmental spectrum.
  • Utilized sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography for separation and identification.

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  • Employed computer-based densitometry for quantification of polar lipids.

    • Main Results:

    • Biochemical sequences of myelin-associated lipids and proteins mirrored established anatomic sequences.
    • Identified a specific order of appearance: sphingomyelin, followed by cerebrosides, MBP, PLP, and sulfatides.
    • Observed variable onset and tempo of constituent expression across brain sites, indicating differential vulnerability periods.
    • Detected distinct lipid and protein abnormalities in specific hypomyelination disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Biochemical analysis provides a feasible approach to study pediatric brain development and myelination disorders.
    • The findings offer guidelines for assessing early-life disorders impacting central nervous system myelination.
    • Variability in myelination timing suggests distinct vulnerable periods for biochemical pathways in early life.