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Molecular evolution of the polypeptide hormones

R Acher

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    The evolution of polypeptide hormones, crucial for biological functions, involves changes in both hormones and their receptors. This study explores the evolutionary pathways of monomeric and dimeric hormones, integrating their development within broader protein evolution frameworks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Biological functions are at least bimolecular, implying dual evolutionary paths for interacting molecules.
    • Hormone specificity relies on molecular structure, but receptor structures are often unknown, limiting evolutionary analysis of polypeptide hormones.
    • Protein complexity varies, with single or multiple polypeptide chains influencing biological properties and evolutionary dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the evolutionary trajectories of monomeric and dimeric polypeptide hormones.
    • To investigate the interplay between internal (chain-chain) and external (hormone-receptor) evolutionary processes.
    • To contextualize polypeptide hormone evolution within the broader framework of protein evolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of amino acid sequences and structural properties of various polypeptide hormones.
    • Examination of gene duplication, differentiation, and fusion events in hormone evolution.
    • Inference of evolutionary relationships based on molecular changes and functional roles.

    Main Results:

    • Monomeric hormones exhibit diverse evolutionary patterns, including prohormone processing, gene duplication with differentiation (e.g., neurohypophysial hormones, corticotropin), and fusion (e.g., somatotropin).
    • Dimeric hormones present complexities related to subunit evolution, association, and differential rates of change (e.g., lutropin, follitropin).
    • Internal evolutionary mechanisms (subunit interactions) and external factors (receptor binding) are intertwined in shaping hormone evolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The evolution of polypeptide hormones is a complex process influenced by molecular structure, gene duplication, and protein assembly.
    • Understanding these evolutionary pathways provides insights into the development of biological functions and molecular interactions.
    • Integrating hormone evolution with general protein evolution offers a comprehensive perspective on molecular adaptation.

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