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Lymphocyte immunological patterns in leukaemia: a review

G Atsaldi, G C Astaldi, U Topuz

    Haematologia
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Investigating cell surface immunoglobulin (S-Ig) in acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) reveals differences in Ig-positive cells. Lower percentages correlate with better remission rates, suggesting a link between immunological patterns and treatment response in ALL.

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    Methods in enzymology·1983

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Cell surface immunoglobulin (S-Ig) expression varies in acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) patients.
    • Immunological differences in ALL cells may impact disease progression and treatment outcomes.
    • Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) exhibits distinct B-lymphocyte abnormalities, including receptor deficiencies and impaired traffic capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of cell surface immunoglobulin (S-Ig) in acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL).
    • To explore the relationship between immunological patterns and treatment response in ALL patients.
    • To characterize B-lymphocyte abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).

    Main Methods:

    • Immunofluorescence staining to quantify Ig-positive cells in ALL patients.
    • In vitro trypsinization to assess the nature of membrane-bound immunoglobulin.
    • Analysis of B-lymphocyte receptor expression (Fc, C3b, C3d) and traffic capacity in CLL.
    • Correlation analysis between Ig-positive cell percentages and clinical remission in ALL patients treated with vincristine and prednisone.

    Main Results:

    • Significant patient-to-patient variation in Ig-positive cells (0.5-25%+) observed in ALL at relapse.
    • Trypsin treatment suggests some membrane-Ig in ALL may not be true B-cell determinants.
    • Low Ig-positive cell percentages (<10%) in ALL correlated with quick and complete remission.
    • Higher Ig-positive cell percentages in ALL were associated with poor treatment response.
    • CLL shows variable fluorescence intensity, potential Fc-receptor and C3b-receptor deficiencies, and defective B-lymphocyte traffic.
    • T-cells in CLL appear normal, with potentially increased absolute numbers.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell surface immunoglobulin patterns in ALL may predict treatment response to vincristine and prednisone.
    • ALL might involve B-cells with non-specific membrane-bound immunoglobulins.
    • CLL is characterized by an abnormal, immature B-cell clone with impaired function and traffic.
    • Further research into B-cell abnormalities could lead to improved ALL and CLL therapies.

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