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Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct, and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise
H Gabriel1, A Urhausen, L Brechtel
1Institute of Sports and Performance Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Insights
Exercise intensity and duration differentially affect monocyte subsets, with mature monocytes increasing after intense anaerobic exercise but decreasing after prolonged endurance events. These changes highlight exercise
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Circulating monocytes exist as distinct functional subsets: regular (CD14bright+) and mature (CD14low+).
- These subsets exhibit differential expression of cell surface receptors, influencing their immune functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how different exercise types, durations, and intensities impact the distinct monocyte subsets in endurance-trained athletes.
- To explore the potential role of adhesion molecules in monocyte-endothelial interactions post-exercise.
Main Methods:
- Utilized three-color flow cytometry to analyze cell surface receptor expression on monocyte subsets in healthy controls.
- Monitored changes in regular and mature monocyte populations before and up to three hours after various exercise protocols in trained athletes.
Main Results:
- Mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes immediately after short, high-intensity anaerobic exercise.
- Prolonged exhaustive endurance exercise led to similar increases in both monocyte subsets.
- A 100km run resulted in a significant increase in regular monocytes and a decrease in mature monocytes, with mature monocytes falling below baseline levels post-exercise.
Conclusions:
- Exercise intensity and duration distinctly modulate the maturation stages of monocytes.
- Increased avidity of adhesion molecules, such as LFA-1, likely facilitates monocyte firm attachment to the endothelium following exercise.
Abstract:
Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14bright+) and mature (CD14low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fc gamma receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CD11b), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc gamma receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n = 9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of 1 min with a maximal lactate concentration (la max) of 12.3 (SD 1.4) mmol.1-1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (lamax) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol..-1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [lamax 3.7 (SD 1.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15-33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.