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Can breech presentation at birth be predicted from ultrasound examinations during the second or third trimesters?
O P Tadmor1, R Rabinowitz, L Alon
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Objectives:
To determine at which gestational age the ultrasound finding of a breech presentation should compel us to follow the pregnancy more closely with repeat ultrasound examinations.
Methods:
A retrospective longitudinal investigation of ultrasound examinations in the second and third trimesters is reported. The study group consisted of 157 breech deliveries and a control group of 1325 vertex deliveries.
Results:
In the study population (breech delivery) 63.2% were presenting as breech during the 15th-19th weeks of pregnancy--almost the same percentage as in the vertex-born group (of which 55.2% were breech presentation). In the interval between 20 and 24 weeks the same relationship was observed (50.8% and 42.9%, respectively). From 25 weeks until delivery a statistically significant difference appeared between the breech-delivered group and the vertex-delivered group: during weeks 25-29 in the breech-delivered group, 70.6% were breech presentation compared with 28.9% in the vertex-born group (P < 0.0001). That difference increased as the pregnancy progressed.
Conclusions:
Patients found sonographically to be a breech presentation at 25 weeks' gestation or later are at high risk for malpresentation at delivery.