Congenital infection of pigs with ruminant-type pestiviruses

Congenital infections of pigs were induced with two ruminant-type pestiviruses isolated from pigs. One of the viruses was bovine viral diarrhoea virus-like and the other border disease virus-like. Both produced symptoms similar to those observed with low virulence strains of classical swine fever virus. A striking effect of persistent virus infection in post-natal life was stunting in viraemic animals. It was also shown that a congenitally infected pig shed virus for 2.5 years and in sufficient quantity to infect other pigs, even by indirect contact. Unlike ruminants, congenitally infected pigs sometimes had persistent viraemia but eventually eliminated the virus. Clearance of virus from the blood was related to the appearance of neutralizing antibodies. However, clearance from the tissues sometimes took as much as 5 months longer than from the blood.