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Psychological components of effort sense
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|September 1, 1994
Summary
Psychological factors like anxiety and extroversion significantly influence the perception of effort. Interventions and exercise adjustments can systematically alter this sense of exertion.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Exercise Physiology
- Psychobiology
Background:
- Perception of effort is a complex phenomenon influenced by physiological, psychological, and experiential factors.
- Understanding the psychological correlates of effort sense is crucial for optimizing training and well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss psychological states and traits correlated with the sense of effort.
- To review how psychological interventions and exercise modifications impact effort perception.
Main Methods:
- Review of empirical findings on psychological factors and perceived exertion.
- Analysis of studies involving psychological interventions (hypnosis, imagery) and exercise volume manipulation.
Main Results:
- Anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and somatic perception are positively associated with perceived exertion.
- Extroversion shows an inverse correlation with perceived exertion and a positive correlation with preferred exercise intensity.
- Psychological interventions and exercise volume changes systematically modify effort sense and covary with affective states.
Conclusions:
- Effort sense is a complex psychobiological construct.
- Psychological factors play a significant role in modulating the perception of effort.
- Effort perception can be intentionally altered through psychological and physical strategies.