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Examining the time course of prime effects on Stroop processing

C Koch¹, J M Brown

¹Department of Psychology, George Fox College, Newberg, OR 97152-2697.

Perceptual and Motor Skills

|August 1, 1994

Summary

Priming effects on the Stroop task diminish when primes follow the stimulus by 200 milliseconds. This suggests a 200-millisecond window is necessary for accurate color response.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Experimental psychology

Background:

The Stroop task is a classic measure of selective attention and cognitive control.
Priming involves presenting a stimulus that influences the response to a subsequent stimulus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal dynamics of priming effects on the Stroop task.
To determine how the timing of prime presentation affects performance.

Main Methods:

Participants (n=8) completed a Stroop task with color-congruent, incongruent, and neutral stimuli.
Five prime conditions were used: valid color, invalid color, valid word, invalid word, and no prime.
Primes were presented at stimulus onset asynchronies ranging from -200 ms to +200 ms relative to the color-word stimulus.

Main Results:

Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of semantic priming were reduced when primes were presented 200 ms after the color-word stimulus.
This suggests that approximately 200 ms is required for the cognitive system to process the prime and execute the correct response.

Conclusions:

The temporal relationship between prime and target is critical for semantic priming effects in the Stroop task.
A model is proposed to explain these temporal dynamics, with implications for understanding cognitive processing and attention.

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