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Related Experiment Videos

Gender differences in personality: a meta-analysis

A Feingold1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519.

Psychological Bulletin
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Gender differences in personality reveal males are more assertive and have higher self-esteem. Females score higher in extraversion, anxiety, trust, and tender-mindedness, with consistent findings across demographics.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Personality Science
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Understanding gender differences in personality is crucial for psychological research.
  • Previous studies have yielded varied results regarding personality trait disparities between sexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing research on gender differences in personality traits.
  • To analyze normative data from major personality inventories to identify sex-based variations.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four meta-analyses of published literature (1958-1992).
  • Analyzed normative data from personality inventories (1940-1992).
  • Examined consistency of findings across age, time, education, and nationality.

Main Results:

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  • Males exhibited higher assertiveness and self-esteem.
  • Females showed higher extraversion, anxiety, trust, and tender-mindedness.
  • No significant differences were found in social anxiety, impulsiveness, activity, ideas, locus of control, or orderliness.

Conclusions:

  • Established consistent gender differences in specific personality traits.
  • These differences remained stable across various demographic factors.
  • Highlights the nuanced nature of personality variations between genders.