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Exercise, training and injuries

B H Jones1, D N Cowan, J J Knapik

  • 1Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Higher exercise volume increases injury risk, especially in running. Understanding exercise parameters and individual factors is key to preventing injuries while maximizing fitness benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Exercise offers significant physical fitness and health benefits.
  • However, exercise participation carries a risk of exercise-related injuries, particularly musculoskeletal injuries.
  • These injuries are common among athletes, runners, military recruits, and fitness program participants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between exercise parameters and injury risk.
  • To identify factors that contribute to or modify the risk of exercise-related injuries.
  • To inform strategies for preventing injuries while optimizing exercise benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing sports medicine and military research on exercise and injury.
  • Analysis of associations between exercise intensity, duration, frequency, and total volume with injury rates.

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  • Examination of other contributing factors such as age, smoking, lifestyle, and biomechanics.

    • Main Results:

    • Greater duration and frequency of exercise are consistently linked to higher injury risks.
    • Higher total exercise volume shows the strongest association with increased injury rates.
    • Previous physical activity may reduce injury risk during training; older age, smoking, and certain biomechanical factors increase risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise parameters contribute to injury risk proportionally to their contribution to total activity volume.
    • Understanding the interplay of training parameters and individual factors is crucial for injury prevention.
    • Judicious choices in exercise prescription are needed to balance fitness gains and injury risk reduction.