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Adoption study demonstrating two genetic pathways to drug abuse

R J Cadoret1, W R Yates, E Troughton

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Archives of General Psychiatry
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study on adoptees reveals two genetic pathways to drug abuse: one direct from parental alcoholism, and another via parental antisocial personality disorder. Adoptive family psychiatric issues also independently predict drug abuse risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Alcohol abuse/dependence has known genetic and environmental influences.
  • Previous research suggests similar multifactorial etiologies for drug abuse.
  • This study investigates genetic and environmental contributions to drug abuse in adoptees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if parental alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder are genetic risk factors for offspring drug abuse.
  • To determine if adoptive parental psychiatric problems independently predict offspring drug abuse.

Main Methods:

  • A high-risk, case-control study of 95 male adoptees separated at birth.
  • Biologic parental history of alcohol abuse/dependence or antisocial personality disorder identified via records.

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  • Adoptive family environment and parental psychiatric status assessed via structured interviews.

    • Main Results:

    • Log-linear modeling identified two genetic pathways to drug abuse/dependency.
    • Direct pathway: Biologic parent alcoholism to offspring drug abuse.
    • Indirect pathway: Biologic parent antisocial personality disorder to offspring aggressivity, conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and drug abuse.
    • Adoptive family psychiatric conditions independently predicted increased offspring antisocial personality disorder.

    Conclusions:

    • Confirms a model of two independent genetic factors contributing to drug abuse/dependence.
    • Reiterates that disturbed adoptive parents are associated with adoptee drug abuse/dependency.