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Does the eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit have a channel passing through it?

G Harauz¹, D R Beniac, J Wu

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|December 30, 1994

Summary

Researchers visualized the large ribosomal subunit of a thermophilic fungus, revealing a novel channel. This finding suggests a potential polypeptide exit pathway in eukaryotic ribosomes, previously only observed in prokaryotes.

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Area of Science:

Structural biology
Molecular biology
Mycology

Background:

Ribosomes are essential molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis.
The large ribosomal subunit (LSU) plays a critical role in translation.
Previous studies suggested a polypeptide exit channel in prokaryotic LSU, but its presence in eukaryotes remained unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the structural features of the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus LSU.
To identify potential polypeptide exit pathways in eukaryotic LSU.

Main Methods:

Treatment of LSU with 2.96 M NH4Cl to generate core particles.
Imaging of core particles using bright field transmission electron microscopy.
Single particle electron image analysis to compute recurring views.

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Main Results:

Elucidation of a new characteristic projection of the LSU.
Identification of a large depression or channel passing through the subunit.
Demonstration of a structural feature analogous to the prokaryotic polypeptide exit pathway in eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

The study provides the first direct evidence of a polypeptide exit channel in a eukaryotic LSU.
This finding has significant implications for understanding the mechanism of protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
The identified channel in Thermomyces lanuginosus LSU may represent a conserved feature across eukaryotic organisms.