Gastroesophageal reflux in pregnancy

Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms are common in pregnancy, occurring in approximately 45% to 80% of gravid women. Although the symptoms associated with reflux in pregnancy are similar to those described in the nongravid state, some of the etiologies are distinct due to hormonal fluctuations and other physiologic changes often associated with pregnancy. Diagnostic tools and therapeutic regimens that might be used without hesitation in the nonpregnant patient must be given cautious consideration in the gravid patient due to potential fetal risks. This article addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in pregnancy.