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Related Concept Videos

The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
07:21

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

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Systemic embolism in aortic arch atheromatosis

R Mitusch1, U Stierle, C Tepe

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.

European Heart Journal
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Aortic arch atheromatosis, especially moderate to complex plaque, significantly increases systemic embolism risk. This risk is comparable to cardiac thrombi and carotid atherosclerosis, highlighting its importance in stroke evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Biology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Systemic embolism poses a significant health risk, often originating from various cardiovascular sources.
  • Identifying the precise source of embolism is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Aortic arch atheromatosis is increasingly recognized but its independent risk contribution requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of aortic arch atheromatosis as a risk factor for systemic embolism.
  • To compare the embolic risk associated with aortic atheromatosis to other known sources like cardiac thrombi and carotid atherosclerosis.
  • To determine the correlation between the severity of aortic arch atheromatosis and the incidence of embolism.

Main Methods:

  • Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed on 335 patients to assess aortic arch atheromatosis.
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between atheromatosis, other potential embolic sources, and systemic embolism.
  • Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries was available for a subset of 163 patients.

Main Results:

  • Moderate (grade 2) and complex (grade 3) aortic arch atheromatosis were significantly correlated with systemic embolism (Odds Ratios 4.0 and 9.7, respectively).
  • Cardiac thrombi (OR 4.0) and hypertension (OR 1.8) were also significant risk factors for embolism.
  • Carotid artery atherosclerosis was identified as another significant marker of embolism in a subset of patients (OR 2.0).

Conclusions:

  • Aortic arch atheromatosis, particularly moderate to complex plaque, is a significant independent risk factor for systemic embolism.
  • The embolic risk conferred by aortic arch atheromatosis is comparable to that of cardiac thrombi and carotid atherosclerosis.
  • These findings underscore the importance of evaluating the aortic arch for atheromatosis in patients with cerebrovascular events of undetermined origin.